Abstract

Odisha, a coastal state in India, has transformed its disaster management framework from a reactive model to a proactive, resilience-centred approach in response to frequent cyclones, floods, and climate-related hazards. This shift, necessitated by the need to protect lives, infrastructure, and livelihoods, gained momentum after the catastrophic 1999 Super Cyclone, which claimed over 10,000 lives and exposed critical gaps in preparedness. Over the past two decades, Odisha’s reforms have significantly reduced fatalities through improved policies, infrastructure, and community engagement. This review examines Odisha’s evolution in disaster governance from 1999 to 2024, analysing key initiatives such as the establishment of the Odisha State Disaster Management Authority (OSDMA), early warning systems, cyclone shelters, and evacuation plans. Using the PRISMA framework, the study evaluates 40 peer-reviewed articles, reports, and policy documents to assess the impact of these measures. Despite progress, challenges remain, including last-mile connectivity in disaster warnings—particularly for remote tribal communities—and the growing threats posed by rising sea levels and intensifying cyclones. Nature-based solutions, such as mangrove restoration, and community-driven programs like Odisha’s Tsunami Ready initiative (involving 26 villages) offer scalable strategies for enhancing resilience. These experiences provide valuable lessons for other vulnerable regions, such as Indonesia and the Philippines. Moving forward, prioritising technological integration, decentralised governance, and sustainable recovery strategies will be crucial for strengthening Odisha’s long-term climate resilience.